Contents

xi

5.2.4

Age and acquired immunity

81

5.2.5

Duration of acquired immunity to malaria

84

5.2.6

Malaria parasite variants

86

5.2.7

Acquired variant-specific and variant-transcending immunity

88

5.2.8

Superinfection/ Reinfection and acquired immunity

90

5.2.9

Other factors influencing the acquisition of immunity

91

5.2.9.1

Effect of intervention measures on immunity acquisi-

tion and malaria prevalence

91

5.2.9.2

Climatic driving effect on immunity acquisition

92

5.2.9.3

Effect of population dynamics on immunity acquisition

93

5.2.10

Summary of modelling approaches

94

5.3

DISCUSSION

96

Appendices

99

5.A

METHODS FOR LITERATURE SEARCH

101

5.A.1

Literature search strategy and selection criteria

101

5.A.2

Outcome of literature search

101

5.B

DETAILED MODEL DESCRIPTIONS

103

Section III

Mathematical Epidemiology including Mosquito Dynamics and

Control Theory

Chapter

6 Multi-Strain Host-Vector Dengue Modeling: Dynamics

and Control

111

Bob W. Kooi, Peter Rashkov* , and Ezio Venturino

6.1

INTRODUCTION

112

6.2

DESCRIPTION OF THE MODELS

113

6.2.1

Equilibria and basic reproduction number R0

115

6.2.2

Time scale separation

116

6.2.3

Example: SIR-UV model

118

6.3

TWO-STRAIN DENGUE MODELS

119

6.3.1

Host-only models

119

6.3.2

Host-vector models

122

6.4

COMPARISON OF HOST-ONLY AND HOST-VECTOR MODEL

124

6.4.1

Results for autonomous systems

124

6.4.2

Results for seasonally-forced systems

125